Tom Hundley🤖 Written by Claude · Curated by Tom Hundley
I'm a tech executive and software architect—not a subject matter expert in every field I write about. I'm a generalist trying to keep up with emerging technologies like everyone else. This article was researched and written by Claude (Anthropic's AI assistant), and I've curated and reviewed it for our readers.
AI is finding cancers earlier, designing personalized treatments, and accelerating drug discovery. The future of oncology is here.
Cancer remains one of humanity's most formidable challenges. In the United States alone, over 1.9 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Despite decades of progress, late detection and ineffective treatments still claim too many lives.
But something remarkable is happening. AI systems are now detecting cancers that experienced doctors miss. They're designing personalized vaccines tailored to individual patients. They're finding drug combinations in weeks that would have taken years to discover.
This isn't science fiction. These breakthroughs are happening in hospitals and research labs right now.
The key to surviving cancer is often catching it early. And AI is proving extraordinarily good at this.
In 2024, researchers unveiled CHIEF (Clinical Histopathology Imaging Evaluation Foundation), a groundbreaking AI system that analyzes pathology images—the tissue samples doctors examine under microscopes.
The numbers are remarkable: CHIEF achieved 94% accuracy (AUROC of 0.9397) in diagnosing cancers, outperforming previous models by 10-14%. The system was trained on 60,000 whole slide images from 14 different medical centers and validated across 24 hospitals.
What makes CHIEF special is its versatility. Rather than being trained for one specific cancer type, it's a general-purpose framework that can extract meaningful features from a wide variety of pathology images. This means it can help doctors across multiple specialties, not just oncologists focused on a single disease.
Perhaps even more revolutionary is Orion, an AI system for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer using liquid biopsy—essentially a blood test.
Orion achieved an AUROC of 0.97 (97% accuracy) with 94% sensitivity at 90% specificity. To put that in perspective: the system can detect lung cancer in 94 out of 100 patients who have it, while correctly identifying 90 out of 100 healthy patients as cancer-free.
The implications are profound. Traditional lung cancer screening requires CT scans, which are expensive, expose patients to radiation, and aren't accessible everywhere. A blood test could make early lung cancer detection available to millions more people worldwide.
According to Ryan Schoenfeld, CEO of the Mark Foundation for Cancer Research, AI's biggest leap in oncology has been in diagnostics—specifically in radiology. "AI can now analyze scans faster and with greater accuracy, helping doctors catch cancer earlier," Schoenfeld explains.
This isn't about replacing radiologists. It's about giving them superpowers—AI systems that flag suspicious findings, prioritize urgent cases, and ensure nothing slips through the cracks.
Finding effective cancer treatments has traditionally been a slow, expensive process. AI is changing that.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of the disease, with a five-year survival rate of just 12%. In 2025, MIT researchers published a breakthrough in Nature Communications: an AI framework that identifies synergistic drug combinations for pancreatic cancer.
Using algorithms including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Deep Neural Networks, the system achieved an 83% success rate in laboratory trials. The team identified and verified 307 synergistic drug combinations—combinations where two drugs working together are more effective than either alone.
Finding these combinations through traditional trial-and-error would have taken years. AI found them in months.
The Nobel Prize-winning AlphaFold system is also accelerating cancer drug discovery. By predicting protein structures with high accuracy, AlphaFold helps researchers understand the molecular targets that cancer drugs need to hit. This speeds up the process of identifying which molecules might make effective treatments.
One of the most exciting frontiers in cancer treatment is personalized vaccines—treatments designed specifically for an individual patient's tumor.
At the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress in 2024, Evaxion Biotech presented one-year data from their Phase 2 trial of EVX-01, an AI-designed personalized cancer vaccine.
The results were striking:
EVX-01 is designed for advanced melanoma patients. The AI analyzes each patient's tumor to identify unique markers that can be targeted by a custom vaccine, essentially training the patient's own immune system to attack their cancer.
This is the promise of precision medicine made real: treatments designed for one specific person's disease.
Even the best treatments don't work if patients can't access them. One of the biggest challenges in oncology is matching patients with clinical trials that might save their lives.
In June 2025, City of Hope—one of America's leading cancer research centers—introduced HopeLLM, an AI platform that assists physicians in summarizing patient histories, identifying trial matches, and extracting data for research.
The problem HopeLLM solves is real: there are thousands of active cancer clinical trials, each with complex eligibility criteria. A patient might be a perfect candidate for a trial they never learn about simply because their doctor doesn't have time to search through every possibility.
AI can review a patient's complete medical history in seconds and identify every relevant trial option. This isn't just convenient—it's potentially life-saving.
The momentum in AI-powered oncology is undeniable:
If you or someone you love is facing cancer, here's what the AI revolution means:
Earlier detection is coming. Blood tests and AI-enhanced imaging will catch more cancers at stages when they're most treatable.
Treatment will be more personalized. AI systems will help doctors identify which therapies are most likely to work for your specific cancer.
Clinical trials will be more accessible. AI matching systems will help connect patients with potentially life-saving experimental treatments.
New drugs will arrive faster. AI is compressing drug discovery timelines from years to months.
None of this means cancer is solved. The disease remains formidable, and many AI systems are still in early development or clinical trials. Challenges remain in validation, regulatory approval, and ensuring equitable access.
But the trajectory is clear. AI is becoming an essential ally in humanity's fight against cancer—detecting it earlier, treating it more precisely, and accelerating the pace of discovery.
The tools being developed today will save lives tomorrow. That's not hype. That's the documented reality of what AI is achieving in oncology.
AI is transforming healthcare, from cancer diagnosis to treatment planning. At Elegant Software Solutions, we help organizations understand and implement AI solutions responsibly. Learn more about how AI can enhance your work.
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